Freud's psychoanalysis and its original representative in the UK, the British Psychoanalytic Society, have gone through unavoidable developments over the decades of their existence. We now have innumerable organizations training professionals in very diverse forms of psychodynamic therapies and it can be difficult to recognize the original sources of their theories and practices. This multiplication of trainings has led to an ever-increasing number of theoretical postulates that have come to be adopted as dogmas. Examples are transference and counter-transference, negative impulses, separation anxiety, the importance of the setting and the importance given to the patient's past and present life outside the consulting room. The present application of the new definitions of old concepts has led to a concept of therapy where the analyst/therapist/counselor comes to be seen as the central figure in the patient's life and which creates and fosters a situation of dependence on the availability of the professional. The papers in this book consider some of these issues and stress the importance of considering analysis/therapy/counseling as means of enabling the patient to lead an independent life."

This book describes a series of cases where the child's presenting complaint is seen to be the expression of an underlying emotional conflict that the child expects the parents to understand and help him or her to overcome. The parents' interpretation of the child's symptoms cannot but be influenced by their own previous life experiences and if

In a series of papers, the author addresses the needs of students, patients, and practitioners of psychodynamic therapies. The work of these professionals with children and with adults is discussed from a pragmatic point of view, stressing the importance of recognizing the needs and capacities of each individual patient. At the same time, the autho

This book is based on common questions that parents have about their children and their relationships with the world at large. Drawing from his extensive experience as a child psychoanalyst (and as a father), Dr Brafman offers his thoughts on widespread problems faced by parents in an innovative way: he focuses on how the child perceives the situat

Untying The Knot sets out to present a clinical approach to cases where the referred patient is a child or adolescent, but in which the parents are intimately involved in the therapeutic situation.Three fundamental principles inform the work: firstly, that early experience influences present lives; secondly, that unconscious feelings and f

If a person is struggling with feeling that involve pain or anxiety, then we find a complex network of difficulties affecting that person's capacity to express what torments him. Whatever the person's age, they very often have no access to the words that might convey their internal conflicts. People interacting with that person may believe he is deliberately refusing to express what affects him, but it is certainly true that most times this is not the case. When dealing with children, these difficulties are even more acute. However, children often express in their drawings elements of the conflicts they are experiencing in themselves and the world in which they live. The author applied these findings in his work - not only with children and adolescents, but at times also with adults.This fascinating book arose from the discovery that single drawings could at times represent only a part of an underlying emotional experience that "completed" its expression in another picture drawn after that first one.

The fifth birthday represents an important landmark in a child's development. He is now ready to start full-time primary school, and we no longer speak of a baby or a little child; instead, we refer to the boy or the girl. Over the next five years, as his horizons become wider and his experiences outside the home increase exponentially, he seems to become more reserved; more difficult to approach and share things with. Sometimes, ordinary questions are ignored or responded to with some apparently unrelated answer. Occasionally, the child will move away even while someone is speaking to him. This is a child trying to make sense of his new experiences, adapting to new people and places, while preserving his link to his earlier environment.Adults can feel frustrated by this behaviour and impatient, but when moved to protest, tend to use words of exasperation rather than plain anger. There exists an unspoken understanding that the child needs time to adjust to his new pattern of life. However, not all over-fives are like this and we do find some who seem to blend into the new pattern of life and carry on with their home life as if no major change had taken place.

This book describes a series of cases where the child's presenting complaint is seen to be the expression of an underlying emotional conflict that the child expects the parents to understand and help him or her to overcome. The parents' interpretation of the child's symptoms cannot but be influenced by their own previous life experiences and if their eventual response does not meet the child's anxiety, the child feels misunderstood and the physical complaint remains unchanged. When seeing child and parents in a consultation, an attempt is made to discover the unconscious fantasy that underlies the presenting physical complaint, and also to investigate what led the parents to approach their child in the particular manner that, in practice, perpetuated the symptom. The proposal is put forward that the symptom can be seen as a language, a manner of expressing an underlying emotional anxiety. Once the therapist formulates this message in words the child can understand, and helps the parents to understand their response to the child, it becomes possible for the parents to approach the child in a more effective manner - and the symptom disappears.

If a person is struggling with feelings that involve pain or anxiety, then we find a complex network of difficulties affecting that person s capacity to express what torments him. Whatever the person s age, they very often have no access to the words that might convey their internal conflicts. People interacting with that person may believe he is deliberately refusing to express what affects him, but it is certainly true that most times this is not the case. When dealing with children, these difficulties are even more acute. Many years ago it was found that children often expressed in their drawings elements of the conflicts they were experiencing of themselves and the world in which they lived. The author followed this practice in his work not only with children and adolescents, but at times also with adults.This fascinating book arose from his discovery that single drawings could at times represent only a part of an underlying emotional experience that "completed" its expression in another picture drawn after that first one. At first, it seemed a mere coincidence, but time came to show him that this was a strategy similar to what we find in ordinary verbal language and that drawings clearly constituted a language of their own. He therefore subjected the phenomenon he now found to further investigation. The author s hope is that his subsequent findings may prove to be a valuable clinical tool for colleagues in their work. This research should give closer and more detailed understanding of this splitting mechanism, so well known in actual words, but apparently not previously describe in drawings."

The fifth birthday represents an important landmark in a child's development. He is now ready to start full-time primary school, and we no longer speak of a baby or a little child; instead, we refer to the boy or the girl. Over the next five years, as his horizons become wider and his experiences outside the home increase exponentially, he seems to become more reserved; more difficult to approach and share things with. Sometimes, ordinary questions are ignored or responded to with some apparently unrelated answer. Occasionally, the child will move away even while someone is speaking to him. This is a child trying to make sense of his new experiences, adapting to new people and places, while preserving his link to his earlier environment.Adults can feel frustrated by this behavior and impatient, but when moved to protest, tend to use words of exasperation rather than plain anger. There exists an unspoken understanding that the child needs time to adjust to his new pattern of life. However, not all over-fives are like this and we do find some who seem to blend into the new pattern of life and carry on with their home life as if no major change had taken place.

This book is based on questions that all parents have about their children and that they might want to ask a childcare professional, if they were given the chance. Children s relationships with their parents, their relationship with siblings and outside world are discussed in detail as well as questions on what is normal behaviour and when help should be sought. There are no set rules for raising children but certain situations might be better resolved after learning about other similar cases and hearing a professional s advice. Drawing from his extensive experience as a child psychoanalyst (and a father), Dr. Brafman offers his thoughts on some most common problems faced when raising children. Questions tackled in the book include: Is it possible to "baby" your child too much? How important is "quality time"? When does "making allowances" for a child become "spoiling" or "inappropriate"?Discipline -- how to --without physical means.When is a child "too naughty?"How to deal with sibling rivalry -- when is it normal? When does it become inappropriate? How to be fair to both kids?My child has been accused of bullying, what should I do?How do marital conflicts affect the way parents relate to their child?"There are so many books available telling parents how to bring up their children that the question arises: why another one? I want to believe that the present text offers two features that put it in a small minority of the books found in the bookstores. First, it tries to focus on situations as perceived by the child, rather than the usual observer s view of the child s behaviour. Second, it offers only a minimal number of answers. Instead, I have tried to discuss each question in such a way as to open up various possible solutions and leaving the final choice to the parents. This is because I have come to believe that finding an answer to a problem is much easier when one understands what relevant issues are involved. Because no two children are completely equal and the circumstances in which parents bring up each child are always changing, I think that an outsider can only give valid advice if he actually meets that particular set of parents and children. My intention, therefore, was to stimulate thought, rather than offer answers that, however plausible, might be of no actual relevance to the problems of the individual reader." --From the Introduction"

Untying The Knot sets out to present a clinical approach to cases where the referred patient is a child or adolescent, but in which the parents are intimately involved in the therapeutic situation.Three fundamental principles inform the work: firstly, that early experience influences present lives; secondly, that unconscious feelings and fantasies are elements which shape everyday conscious experience; and thirdly, that the interaction of children and parents leads to patterns which become self-perpetuating and make it virtually impossible to define what is cause and what is effect in their relationship.The author acknowledges the pioneering work of Donald Winnicott in the treatment of children, emphasizing particularly his refusal to be bound by rigid notions of treatment modalities, but instead to go to the heart of the matter - an understanding of the child's own confusion and pain, and then, through its elucidation and expression, to bring relief.

Life in the Consulting Room offers a series of noteworthy vignettes that occurred in the author's consulting room. Although the context and objective of each consultation varied, the decision to present them here is due to a particularly interesting feature of the patient's life or a significant point that arose during their interview with the author. Many of the cases have issues of academic interest but these are not pursued here. Instead, these accounts should be seen as portraits, "snapshots" that were considered emotionally interesting and intellectually stimulating. Some of these patients were in short- or long-term therapy, but most cases were being assessed to determine whether psychotherapy was in fact the best way of helping them. No doubt all psychodynamic practitioners will have met some of these findings in their practice, but the present book offers a particularly significant collection of clinical episodes.